THE 100 A RANKING OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL PERSONS IN HISTORY

The book The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History by Michael H. Hart presents a ranked list of individuals who, in the author’s view, have had the most significant impact on world history. The ranking is based on their influence rather than their greatness or morality.

Key Themes and Structure:

1. Influence Over Popularity: Hart differentiates between influence and fame, selecting figures based on their impact on civilization rather than their recognition or moral standing.

2. Religious, Political, and Scientific Figures: The book includes religious leaders (e.g., Muhammad, Jesus, Buddha), political figures (e.g., Napoleon, Alexander the Great), scientists (e.g., Newton, Einstein, Darwin), and inventors (e.g., Gutenberg, Edison).

3. Ranking Methodology: Hart assesses the degree to which each person’s work has shaped human history, taking into account longevity and lasting influence.

Notable Rankings:

• #1: Muhammad – Cited as the most influential due to his dual role as both a religious and political leader who shaped Islam and unified Arabia.

• #2: Isaac Newton – Recognized for his groundbreaking work in physics and mathematics, particularly his laws of motion and gravity.

• #3: Jesus Christ – Acknowledged for his foundational role in Christianity, though Hart argues that Paul the Apostle had a more significant role in shaping Christian doctrine.

• #8: Johann Gutenberg – Inventor of the printing press, which revolutionized communication and learning.

• #10: Albert Einstein – Famous for his theories of relativity and impact on modern physics.

• #33: Alexander the Great – Cited for his military conquests and cultural influence in spreading Hellenistic civilization.

• #39: Adolf Hitler – Included due to his role in World War II and its lasting global consequences.

• #52: Umar ibn al-Khattab – Recognized for expanding the Islamic empire and shaping its governance.

Impact and Controversies:

• The book sparked debates, particularly over the ranking of Muhammad over Jesus, and the inclusion of controversial figures such as Hitler.
• Hart revised his list in later editions, adding figures like Mikhail Gorbachev due to changing historical perspectives.

Overall, The 100 provides a thought-provoking ranking of influential historical figures and encourages debate on the nature of historical impact.